Papilloma is a lesion of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papilloma virus.
Causes - viruses of the genus Papilloma virus. Of these, more than 60 variants are currently known, 32 of which have been identified as causing disease.
Transmission routes - contact (through microtrauma of the skin), genital, perinatal (at birth).
Manifestations of papillomas
- Skin papillomas (warts).
Most commonly seen on the hands, less common on other parts of the body. Localized lesions are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions may be widespread. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum virus content in the affected tissues is noted 6 months after infection. - Vulgar (simple) papillomas
They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape is manifested by solid irregularities with a rough surface with a diameter of 1 mm or more, with a tendency to merge. Vulgar papillomas often cover a large area. They can appear anywhere, but are more often located on the back of the palms and fingers, in children - on the knees. A papilloma can exist for several months or even years, virtually unchanged, but a rapid spread of the process is also possible. There are isolated cases of papilloma degeneration into a tumor. Immunodeficiency conditions contribute to the spread of the process. - Plantar papillomas.
The cause is HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (mild lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, shiny swelling, acquiring the characteristics of a typical papilloma surrounded by a convex edge. Sometimes around one papilloma appear numerous daughter formations, resembling bubbles - mosaic warts. xxbr / > Plantar papillomas can be painful and difficult to walk. The duration of their existence is different. In some cases, especially in children, spontaneous disappearance of any number of papillomas is possible. This form of the disease is often confused with calluses, which appear in places of pressure on the fingers or between the fingers. Corns, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface with a skin pattern. - Flat papillomas
They are caused by HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are presented with smooth bumps of normal skin color (light yellow or slightly colored). They can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papillomas, mainly in children, is usually accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, soreness. - Filiform papillomas
They are found in 50% of the population over 50 years more often in the armpits, groin, neck, around the eyes. The process begins with the appearance of small yellowish or slightly colored cones, then expands and turns into elongated dense elastic formations up to 5-6 mm in size. In places of possible trauma, papillomas can become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance does not occur. - Local epithelial hyperplasia (Beck's disease). The causative agents are human papillomaviruses 13 and 32. The disease was first described in Native Americans. It is observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, lips in the form of small merging papillary tips.
- Genital warts The causes of genital warts are human papillomaviruses with low (6, 11), medium (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18) cancer risk. Viruses are sexually transmitted. The incubation period lasts from several weeks to months. In some cases, the lesions are minimal, often going unnoticed. Infected cells are prone to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a long and widespread process accompanies immunodeficiency conditions. Cervical cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, despite the age of the patients, the viral genome is detected by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18.
- Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
The causes are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. In most cases, papillomatosis is found in children under 5 years of age who are infected in the mother's birth canal. The appearance of characteristic growths on the vocal cords is observed, which leads to difficulties in speech and disturbances in the air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.
Treatment of papillomas
The same symptoms can be signs of different diseases and the disease may not go according to the textbook. Do not try to cure yourself - consult your doctor.
There is currently no single international standard for the treatment of papillomas. Formal treatment guidelines so far include
- cytostatics (antineoplastic drugs),
- cryo laser,
- electrical destruction.
But they are not always effective and are accompanied by relapses.
Other treatments for papillomas:
- For cutaneous and vulgar (simple) papillomas - surgical removal (cryodestruction, laser removal in combination with immune correction).
- For plantar - cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
- Mosaic papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When they disappear, especially in children, there are signs of inflammation.
- For flat forms - cryotherapy with immune correction.
- For filiforma - diathermocoagulation.
- For local epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immune correction.
- In case of wart skin dysplasia, cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation with subsequent correction of immunity.
- For genital warts - removal of warts with cryotherapy, laser excision or diathermocoagulation and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treatment of genital papillomas can be difficult with other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases the treatment is carried out in parallel.